Oxygen is a vital and constant presence on Earth today. But that hasn't always been the case. It wasn't until around 2.3 billion years ago that oxygen became a permanent fixture in the atmosphere, ...

Upregulation of glycolysis, the anaerobic breakdown of glucose to produce ATP, occurs in almost every tumour. Paul Hwang and colleagues propose that such a widespread metabolic alteration must be ...

A new study provides a fundamental understanding of the diversification of small molecules called respiratory quinones and its adaptive consequences in bacterial species. Bioengineers specifically ...

Glycolysis is a series of reactions that helpextract energy from glucose. This is an ancient pathway of metabolism that is present in the majority of living organisms today. It is the foundation of ...

Metabolic pathways are the means by which cells break down nutrients to acquire the energy and building blocks that they need for growth, proliferation, and the maintenance of critical cellular ...

Researchers mapped enzyme sequences from several thousand modern species onto an evolutionary tree of life. Their findings suggest that, shortly after cyanobacteria evolved the ability to produce ...

Plants and trees may seem pretty passive, but behind the scenes, their cells are working hard to put on a magic show. In this episode of Crash Course Botany, we’ll explore how the processes of ...

Aerobic respiration began hundreds of millions of years earlier than previously thought, a new study suggests. Oxygen is a vital and constant presence on Earth today. But that hasn’t always been the ...